Duas 41-60

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(رَبِّ) أَنِّيْ مَسَّنِيَ الضُّرُّ وَأَنْتَ أَرْحَمُ الرَّاحِمِيْنَ.

Indeed, adversity has touched me, and you are the Most Merciful of the merciful.

(Rabbi) Anni massaniyaḍḍurru wa Anta Arhamurrahimin.

This supplication shows the manners with which Prophet Ayyub dealt with Allah. Despite being tested with enormous hardship in the form of disease, the loss of all his wealth, and the loss of all his children, Prophet Ayyub remained patient and accepted everything that was decreed for him. Rather than overtly ask Allah to heal him, Ayyub simply described his hardship in a way that understated its severity, and then described Allah as being the Most Merciful of those who are merciful. Indeed, Allah seeks no compensation for His mercy from His creation. A merciful person, on the other hand, will always seek some form of recompense, whether it is compensation in this life or the Hereafter, or non-material compensation such as a compliment or an honorable reputation. -Ibn ‘Ashoor.

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لَا إِلَٰهَ إِلَّا أَنْتَ سُبْحَانَكَ إِنِّي كُنْتُ مِنَ الظَّالِمِينَ.

There is no deity except You; exalted are You. Indeed, I have been of the wrongdoers.

La ilaha illa Anta subhanaka inni kuntu minadh dhalimin.

In the context of this supplication, “La ilaha illa anta” is an affirmation that Allah’s unique mercy, graciousness, and benevolence are all part of why He is the only deity deserving of worship, love ,and veneration. “Subhanak” states that Allah is free of any form of injustice or wrongdoing, or any other quality that is inappropriate to the Only Deity worthy of worship. Hence, in this supplication, Prophet Yunus states unequivocally that the hardship and difficulty that he was inflicted with was a product of his own doing and not something that Allah could be accountable for in any way. Prophet Yunus affirms his guilt explicitly and says, “I was of the wrongdoers”, and so all affirmations in this invocation were the means by which Prophet Yunus sought and received Allah’s deliverance and forgiveness. Prophet Muhammad, Sallallahu ‘alaihi wasallam, authentically stated that anyone who makes this supplication will be granted deliverance from their hardship or tribulation, and so it is important to keep these meanings in mind when supplicating using these words. -Majmoo’ Fatawa Ibn Taymiyah.

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رَبِّ لَا تَذَرْنِي فَرْدًا وَأَنْتَ خَيْرُ الْوَارِثِينَ.

My Lord, do not leave me alone [with no heir], while you are the best of inheritors.

Rabbi la tadharni fardawwa Anta khayrulwarithin.

While Prophet Zakariyyah knew that Allah would convey the message of Tawheed to later generations, one way or another, he still wanted his own offspring to have a share in this honor and privilege. Hence, in his old age, and out of fear that he might die without being granted an heir to prophethood, he made this supplication and asked Allah for a child. Allah blessed him with Prophet Yahya who continued to carry the message to the Children of Israel. -Tafseer As-Sa’di and others.

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رَبِّ أَنزِلْنِى مُنزَلًا مُّبَارَكًا وَأَنتَ خَيْرُ ٱلْمُنزِلِينَ.

My Lord, let me land at a blessed landing place, and You are the best to accommodate [us].

Rabbi anzilni munzalan mubarakan waanta khayru lmunzilin

A “blessed landing place” can be any arrival destination or place that a person may visit and ask that Allah bless and protect against calamity or any evil. -Tafseer Tantawi.

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رَبِّ فَلَا تَجْعَلْنِى فِى ٱلْقَوْمِ ٱلظَّٰلِمِينَ.

My Lord, then do not place me among the wrongdoing people.

Rabbi fala tajalni fi lqawmi zzalimin

Allah commanded the Prophet Muhammad, Sallallahu ‘alaihi wasallam, to make this supplication after he had made every possible effort to warn the pagans of Makkah against the consequences of their Kufr. The supplication is a means of being spared Allah’s punishment when it descends upon a transgressive and evil people. -Ibn Katheer and others.

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رَبِّ أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ هَمَزَاتِ الشَّيَاطِينِ. وَأَعُوذُ بِكَ رَبِّ أَن يَحْضُرُونِ.

My Lord, I seek refuge in You from the incitements of the devils, And I seek refuge in You, my Lord, lest they be present with me.

Rabbi audhu bika min hamazatishshayatin. Wa audhu bika Rabbi ayyahḍurun.

The incitements of devils take on different forms, and this supplication is to seek refuge in Allah from them all. Further, the only reason a devil might be present with a person is to lead them to evil or urge them to commit sin. For this reason, there is a form of Dhikr (religious utterance) for every situation or instance in a Muslim’s life: whether waking up or going to sleep, beginning or finishing to eat, walking into the bathroom or leaving it, intercourse with one’s spouse or just sitting with companions, or leaving one’s house or entering it. All such forms of Dhikr are prescribed to protect against the presence of devils and to seek Allah’s help and aid. -Ibn Katheer and others.

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رَبَّنَا آمَنَّا فَاغْفِرْ لَنَا وَارْحَمْنَا وَأَنْتَ خَيْرُ الرَّاحِمِينَ.

Our Lord, we have believed, so forgive us and have mercy upon us, and You are the best of the merciful.

Rabbana amanna faghfir lana warhamna wa Anta khayrurrahimin.

Before asking Allah’s forgiveness and mercy, the Believers appeal to Him by means of their faith and their belief in Him, in His prophets, and in His books. Eman is the single greatest act of worship, and so it is appropriate that a Believer would use it to appeal to Allah. They end the supplication by appealing to Allah by means of His mercy and by acknowledging that He is the best and Most Merciful of those who are merciful.

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رَبِّ اغْفِرْ وَارْحَمْ وَأَنْتَ خَيْرُ الرَّاحِمِينَ.

My Lord, forgive and have mercy, and You are the best of the merciful.

Rabbighfir warham wa Anta khayrurrahimin.

In this supplication, Allah commands the Prophet Muhammad, Sallallahu ‘alaihi wasallam, to ask for forgiveness and mercy, but the supplication does not specify an exact recipient for that forgiveness or mercy. Hence, scholars have stated that it might be a supplication for Allah to forgive and have mercy upon all Believers. -Ibn ‘Ashoor.

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رَبَّنَا اصْرِفْ عَنَّا عَذَابَ جَهَنَّمَ ۖ إِنَّ عَذَابَهَا كَانَ غَرَامًا. إِنَّهَا سَاءَتْ مُسْتَقَرًّا وَمُقَامًا.

Our Lord, avert from us the punishment of Hell. Indeed, its punishment is ever adhering; Indeed, it is evil as a settlement and residence.

Rabbanaṣrif anna adhaba Jahannam, inna adhabaha kana gharama. Innaha sa’at mustaqarrawwa muqama.

To ask Allah’s protection against Hellfire is, effectively, to ask Him for the means against being punished with it. Hence, it is to ask Allah for protection against sins and to ask Him to facilitate righteous deeds and all acts of worship. -Ibn ‘Ashoor.

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رَبَّنَا هَبْ لَنَا مِنْ أَزْوَاجِنَا وَذُرِّيَّاتِنَا قُرَّةَ أَعْيُنٍ وَاجْعَلْنَا لِلْمُتَّقِينَ إِمَامًا.

Our Lord, grant us from among our wives and offspring comfort to our eyes and make us an example for the righteous.

Rabbana hab lana min azwajina wa dhuriyyatina qurrata ayuniwwajalna lilmuttaqina imama.

While the word “Azwaaj” has been translated here as wives, it also refers to companions, peers, and Muslim brothers and sisters. This is why Allah describes the Believers who make this supplication as being among the best of His righteous servants. They take comfort in seeing that their wives, brothers, sisters, children and any other Muslims are pious, righteous Believers. To them this is the greatest form of comfort and contentment. And so they ask Allah to make them leading examples for everyone else by blessing them with piety and righteousness as well. -Tafseer As-Sa’di, Ibn Katheer and others.

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وَإِذَا مَرِضْتُ فَهُوَ يَشْفِينِ.

And when I am ill, it is He [Allah] who cures me.

Waidha mariḍtu fahuwa yashfin

While any affliction or disease is decreed by Allah, Prophet Ibraheem only verbally attributes the “healing” to Allah, out of his manners and veneration. In other words, he does not say, “And if He causes me to become ill, He cures me.”

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رَبِّ هَبْ لِي حُكْمًا وَأَلْحِقْنِي بِالصَّالِحِينَ. وَاجْعَلْ لِي لِسَانَ صِدْقٍ فِي الْآخِرِينَ. وَاجْعَلْنِي مِنْ وَرَثَةِ جَنَّةِ النَّعِيمِ.

My Lord, grant me authority and join me with the righteous. And grant me a reputation of honor among later generations. And place me among the inheritors of the Garden of Pleasure.

Rabbi hab li hukmawwa alhiqni biṣṣalihin. Wajalli lisana ṣidqin filakhirin. Wajalni miwwarathati JannatinNaim.

Wisdom is the result of a proper understanding of the knowledge that a Muslim acquires. In this context, wisdom and knowledge pertain to understanding what Allah has prohibited and made permissible, and other aspects of Allah’s bounds and commands. With this knowledge, a person can judge between others and become a means of serving justice and spreading fairness. Because a person is gathered on Judgment Day with those whom he loved in this life, Prophet Ibraheem asks Allah to join him with the righteous, just as he asks Allah to grant him an honorable reputation and rank among later generations. These are all honorable requests that only the honorable among Allah’s creation seek in this life. In the Hereafter, the ultimate reward is Paradise, and hence, Prophet Ibraheem asks Allah to be admitted into it along with its other righteous inheritors. -Kalemtayeb.com (collected tafseers).

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وَلَا تُخْزِنِي يَوْمَ يُبْعَثُونَ. يَوْمَ لَا يَنْفَعُ مَالٌ وَلَا بَنُونَ. إِلَّا مَنْ أَتَى اللَّهَ بِقَلْبٍ سَلِيمٍ.

And do not disgrace me on the Day they are [all] resurrected – The Day when there will not benefit [anyone] wealth or children, But only one who comes to Allah with a sound heart.

Wa la tukhzini yawma yubathun. Yawma la yanfau maluwwa la banun. Illa man atallaha biqalbin salim.

Just as Prophet Ibraheem asked for what is good and honorable in this life and the next, he also prayed that Allah would protect him against disgrace and dishonor. Neither one’s wealth nor deeds will be of any avail on Judgment Day, and so to waste one’s time acquiring wealth and raising children to do nothing more than the same is a calamitous waste of time and life. Prophet Ibraheem makes specific mention of the heart because if it is sound, then one’s deeds are sound, but if it is corrupt, then one’s deeds can only be corrupt. -Kalemtayeb.com (collected tafseers).

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رَبِّ نَجِّنِى وَأَهْلِى مِمَّا يَعْمَلُونَ.

My Lord, save me and my family from [the consequence of] what they do.

Rabbi najjini waahli mimma yamalun

This supplication, spoken by Prophet Lut, is an appeal for Allah’s protection against evil deeds and the consequences or punishment of those deeds. -Tafseer As-Sa’di.

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ٱلْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ ٱلَّذِى فَضَّلَنَا عَلَىٰ كَثِيرٍ مِّنْ عِبَادِهِ ٱلْمُؤْمِنِينَ.

Praise [is due] to Allah, who has favored us over many of His believing servants.

Alhamdu lillahi lladhi faḍḍalana ala kathirin min ibadihi lmuminin

Prophet Dawood and his son Sulayman were gifted with blessings that no other prophet was granted by Allah. Knowing this, they expressed their gratitude and praised Allah for having raised them, by means of their special knowledge, above many of His other believing servants. Indeed, knowledge is one of the greatest gifts that Allah can bestow upon anyone, and this Ayah is a testimony to that fact. -Al-Qurtubi and others.

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رَبِّ أَوْزِعْنِي أَنْ أَشْكُرَ نِعْمَتَكَ الَّتِي أَنْعَمْتَ عَلَيَّ وَعَلَىٰ وَالِدَيَّ وَأَنْ أَعْمَلَ صَالِحًا تَرْضَاهُ وَأَدْخِلْنِي بِرَحْمَتِكَ فِي عِبَادِكَ الصَّالِحِينَ.

My Lord, enable me to be grateful for Your favor which You have bestowed upon me and upon my parents and to do righteousness of which You approve. And admit me by Your mercy into [the ranks of] Your righteous servants.

Rabbi awzini an ashkura nimatakallati anamta alayya wa ala walidayya wa an amala ṣalihan tarḍah, wa adhkilni birahmatika fi ibadikaṣṣalihin.

This supplication was spoken by Prophet Sulayman when he heard the ant warn the other ants that Sulayman’s army was approaching and that they should seek shelter lest they be crushed. Indeed, to be able to hear, let alone understand the words of this tiny creature and to appreciate that it has a mind that allows it to warn others of imminent danger is a remarkable gift. And so Prophet Sulayman asks Allah to enable him to show thanks for this blessing and for the blessings that He bestowed upon his parents. After asking Allah to enable him to do righteous deeds, Sulayman asks Allah to include him among His righteous servants by means of His Mercy. Hence, Sulayman acknowledges that all good comes from Allah and that to be included among Allah’s righteous servants is another blessing that Allah bestows, and not something that can be essentially attributed to one’s deeds or one’s righteousness. All good is a gift from Allah.

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رَبِّ إِنِّي ظَلَمْتُ نَفْسِي فَاغْفِرْ لِي.

My Lord, indeed I have wronged myself, so forgive me.

Rabbi inni dhalamtu nafsi faghfirli.

Prophet Musa spoke these words immediately after accidentally killing the Coptic man who was fighting with a man from the Children of Israel. Hence, he wasted no time seeking Allah’s forgiveness, and so, on account of his genuine regret, Allah forgave him for what he had done. -Tafseer As-Sa’di and others.

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رَبِّ نَجِّنِى مِنَ ٱلْقَوْمِ ٱلظَّٰلِمِينَ.

My Lord, save me from the wrongdoing people.

Rabbi najjini mina lqawmi zzalimin

Having been brought up in Pharaoh’s home, Musa grew up amidst royalty, rank, and eminence. Now that he was a fugitive, he knew full well Pharaoh’s capacity for evil, and so he invoked Allah for safety using these words. -Ibn Katheer and others.

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رَبِّ إِنِّي لِمَا أَنْزَلْتَ إِلَيَّ مِنْ خَيْرٍ فَقِيرٌ.

My Lord, indeed I am, for whatever good You would send down to me, in need.

Rabbi inni lima anzalta illayya min khayrin faqir.

Musa was in need of food, water, shelter, a family, and safety. With one prayer he was granted all of that. -‘Abdullah Bilqassim.

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رَبِّ انْصُرْنِي عَلَى الْقَوْمِ الْمُفْسِدِينَ.

My Lord, support me against the corrupting people.

Rabbinṣurni alalqawmilmufsidin.

Prophet Lut calls his people “the corrupting people” because they corrupted themselves and others with their evil actions.